diff --git a/.Rbuildignore b/.Rbuildignore
index b6bdf3c..4c09a35 100644
--- a/.Rbuildignore
+++ b/.Rbuildignore
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+^renv$
+^renv\.lock$
 ^.*\.Rproj$
 ^\.Rproj\.user$
 ^data-raw$
diff --git a/.Renviron b/.Renviron
index a78fb09..991df51 100644
--- a/.Renviron
+++ b/.Renviron
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 _R_CHECK_FORCE_SUGGESTS_=FALSE
+
diff --git a/.Rprofile b/.Rprofile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a9f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.Rprofile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+options(
+  renv.settings.snapshot.type = "explicit",
+  renv.config.auto.snapshot = TRUE,
+  renv.config.pak.enabled = TRUE
+)
+source("renv/activate.R")
+
+if (interactive()) {
+  suppressMessages(require(usethis))
+}
diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 91e9f9d..b2424bd 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Package: REDCapCAST
 Title: REDCap Castellated Data Handling
-Version: 23.6.2
+Version: 23.12.1
 Authors@R: c(
     person("Andreas Gammelgaard", "Damsbo", email = "agdamsbo@clin.au.dk", role = c("aut", "cre"),
            comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-7559-1154")),
@@ -32,7 +32,12 @@ Suggests:
     knitr,
     rmarkdown,
     gt,
-    keyring
+    usethis,
+    pak,
+    ggplot2,
+    roxygen2,
+    rhub,
+    devtools
 License: GPL (>= 3)
 Encoding: UTF-8
 LazyData: true
@@ -43,12 +48,15 @@ Imports:
     dplyr,
     REDCapR,
     tidyr,
-    tidyselect
+    tidyselect,
+    keyring,
+    purrr
 Collate: 
     'utils.r'
     'process_user_input.r'
     'REDCap_split.r'
     'ds2dd.R'
+    'easy_redcap.R'
     'read_redcap_tables.R'
     'redcap_wider.R'
     'redcapcast_data.R'
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index 4aa7269..7cf22db 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ export(REDCap_split)
 export(clean_redcap_name)
 export(d2w)
 export(ds2dd)
+export(easy_redcap)
 export(focused_metadata)
+export(get_api_key)
 export(match_fields_to_form)
 export(read_redcap_tables)
 export(redcap_wider)
@@ -14,5 +16,10 @@ export(strsplitx)
 importFrom(REDCapR,redcap_event_instruments)
 importFrom(REDCapR,redcap_metadata_read)
 importFrom(REDCapR,redcap_read)
+importFrom(dplyr,left_join)
+importFrom(keyring,key_get)
+importFrom(keyring,key_list)
+importFrom(keyring,key_set)
+importFrom(purrr,reduce)
 importFrom(tidyr,pivot_wider)
 importFrom(tidyselect,all_of)
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 655d8dd..708c7db 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+# REDCapCAST 23.12.1
+
+One new function to ease secure dataset retrieval and a few bug fixes.
+
+### Functions
+
+* New: `easy_redcap()` function to ease the retrieval of a dataset with `read_redcap_tables()` with `keyring`-package based key storage, which handles secure API set, storage and retrieval. Relies on a small helper function, `get_api_key()`, which wraps relevant `keyring`-functions. Includes option to cast the data in a wide format with flag `widen.data`.
+* Fix: `REDCap_split()`: when using this function on its own, supplying a data set with check boxes would fail if metadata is supplied as a tibble. Metadata is now converted to data.frame. Fixed.
+* Fix: `read_redcap_tables()`: fixed bug when supplying events.
+
 # REDCapCAST 23.6.2
 
 This version marks the introduction of a few helper functions to handle database creation.
diff --git a/R/easy_redcap.R b/R/easy_redcap.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77a169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/R/easy_redcap.R
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+
+#' Retrieve project API key if stored, if not, set and retrieve
+#'
+#' @param key.name character vector of key name
+#'
+#' @return character vector
+#' @importFrom keyring key_list key_get key_set
+#' @export
+get_api_key <- function(key.name) {
+  if (key.name %in% keyring::key_list()$service) {
+    keyring::key_get(service = key.name)
+  } else {
+    keyring::key_set(service = key.name, prompt = "Write REDCap API key:")
+    keyring::key_get(service = key.name)
+  }
+}
+
+
+#' Secure API key storage and data acquisition in one
+#'
+#' @param project.name The name of the current project (for key storage with
+#' `keyring::key_set()`)
+#' @param widen.data argument to widen the exported data
+#' @param ... arguments passed on to `REDCapCAST::read_redcap_tables()`
+#'
+#' @return data.frame or list depending on widen.data
+#' @importFrom purrr reduce
+#' @importFrom dplyr left_join
+#' @export
+easy_redcap <- function(project.name, widen.data = TRUE, ...) {
+  project.name <- "ENIGMA"
+
+  key <- get_api_key(key.name = paste0(project.name, "_REDCAP_API"))
+
+  out <- read_redcap_tables(
+    token = key,
+    ...
+  )
+
+  all_names <- out |>
+    lapply(names) |>
+    Reduce(c, x = _) |>
+    unique()
+
+  if (widen.data) {
+    if (!any(c("redcap_event_name", "redcap_repeat_instrument") %in%
+      all_names)) {
+      if (length(out) == 1) {
+        out <- out[[1]]
+      } else {
+        out <- out |> purrr::reduce(dplyr::left_join)
+      }
+    } else {
+      out <- out |> redcap_wider()
+    }
+  }
+
+  out
+}
diff --git a/R/read_redcap_tables.R b/R/read_redcap_tables.R
index 9664d91..8ef0cb1 100644
--- a/R/read_redcap_tables.R
+++ b/R/read_redcap_tables.R
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ read_redcap_tables <- function(uri,
     if (!is.null(events)){
     event_test <- events %in% unique(arm_event_inst$data$unique_event_name)
 
-    if (any(!forms_test)){
+    if (any(!event_test)){
       stop("Not all supplied event names are valid")
     }
     }
diff --git a/R/utils.r b/R/utils.r
index d26ba16..86e4e02 100644
--- a/R/utils.r
+++ b/R/utils.r
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ sanitize_split <- function(l,
 #'
 match_fields_to_form <- function(metadata, vars_in_data) {
 
+  metadata <- data.frame(metadata)
+
   field_form_name <- grepl(".*([Ff]ield|[Ff]orm)[._][Nn]ame$",names(metadata))
   field_type <- grepl(".*[Ff]ield[._][Tt]ype$",names(metadata))
 
diff --git a/cran-comments.md b/cran-comments.md
index 7c80a56..6d26696 100644
--- a/cran-comments.md
+++ b/cran-comments.md
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
-results$cran_summary()
-For a CRAN submission we recommend that you fix all NOTEs, WARNINGs and ERRORs.
-## Test environments
-- R-hub windows-x86_64-devel (r-devel)
-- R-hub ubuntu-gcc-release (r-release)
-- R-hub fedora-clang-devel (r-devel)
-
 ## R CMD check results
+❯ On windows-x86_64-devel (r-devel)
+  checking CRAN incoming feasibility ... [15s] NOTE
+  Maintainer: 'Andreas Gammelgaard Damsbo <agdamsbo@clin.au.dk>'
+  
+  Found the following (possibly) invalid URLs:
+    URL: https://github.com/SpectrumHealthResearch/REDCapRITS (moved to https://github.com/pegeler/REDCapRITS)
+      From: DESCRIPTION
+            README.md
+      Status: 200
+      Message: OK
+
 ❯ On windows-x86_64-devel (r-devel)
   checking for non-standard things in the check directory ... NOTE
+  Found the following files/directories:
     ''NULL''
 
 ❯ On windows-x86_64-devel (r-devel)
@@ -15,8 +20,30 @@ For a CRAN submission we recommend that you fix all NOTEs, WARNINGs and ERRORs.
   Found the following files/directories:
     'lastMiKTeXException'
 
+❯ On ubuntu-gcc-release (r-release)
+  checking CRAN incoming feasibility ... [8s/51s] NOTE
+  Maintainer: ‘Andreas Gammelgaard Damsbo <agdamsbo@clin.au.dk>’
+  
+  Found the following (possibly) invalid URLs:
+    URL: https://github.com/SpectrumHealthResearch/REDCapRITS (moved to https://github.com/pegeler/REDCapRITS)
+      From: DESCRIPTION
+            README.md
+      Status: 200
+      Message: OK
+
 ❯ On ubuntu-gcc-release (r-release), fedora-clang-devel (r-devel)
   checking HTML version of manual ... NOTE
   Skipping checking HTML validation: no command 'tidy' found
 
-0 errors ✔ | 0 warnings ✔ | 3 notes ✖
+❯ On fedora-clang-devel (r-devel)
+  checking CRAN incoming feasibility ... [9s/57s] NOTE
+  Maintainer: ‘Andreas Gammelgaard Damsbo <agdamsbo@clin.au.dk>’
+  
+  Found the following (possibly) invalid URLs:
+    URL: https://github.com/SpectrumHealthResearch/REDCapRITS (moved to https://github.com/pegeler/REDCapRITS)
+      From: DESCRIPTION
+            README.md
+      Status: 200
+      Message: OK
+
+0 errors ✔ | 0 warnings ✔ | 6 notes ✖
diff --git a/man/easy_redcap.Rd b/man/easy_redcap.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feb169b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/easy_redcap.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/easy_redcap.R
+\name{easy_redcap}
+\alias{easy_redcap}
+\title{Secure API key storage and data acquisition in one}
+\usage{
+easy_redcap(project.name, widen.data = TRUE, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{project.name}{The name of the current project (for key storage with
+`keyring::key_set()`)}
+
+\item{widen.data}{argument to widen the exported data}
+
+\item{...}{arguments passed on to `REDCapCAST::read_redcap_tables()`}
+}
+\value{
+data.frame or list depending on widen.data
+}
+\description{
+Secure API key storage and data acquisition in one
+}
diff --git a/man/get_api_key.Rd b/man/get_api_key.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c154012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/get_api_key.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/easy_redcap.R
+\name{get_api_key}
+\alias{get_api_key}
+\title{Retrieve project API key if stored, if not, set and retrieve}
+\usage{
+get_api_key(key.name)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{key.name}{character vector of key name}
+}
+\value{
+character vector
+}
+\description{
+Retrieve project API key if stored, if not, set and retrieve
+}
diff --git a/renv.lock b/renv.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1417a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/renv.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+{
+  "R": {
+    "Version": "4.3.1",
+    "Repositories": [
+      {
+        "Name": "CRAN",
+        "URL": "https://cloud.r-project.org"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Packages": {
+    "R6": {
+      "Package": "R6",
+      "Version": "2.5.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "470851b6d5d0ac559e9d01bb352b4021"
+    },
+    "REDCapR": {
+      "Package": "REDCapR",
+      "Version": "1.1.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "checkmate",
+        "dplyr",
+        "httr",
+        "jsonlite",
+        "magrittr",
+        "methods",
+        "readr",
+        "rlang",
+        "tibble",
+        "tidyr"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "e76c401b631961c865b89bb5a4ea3b97"
+    },
+    "askpass": {
+      "Package": "askpass",
+      "Version": "1.2.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "sys"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "cad6cf7f1d5f6e906700b9d3e718c796"
+    },
+    "assertthat": {
+      "Package": "assertthat",
+      "Version": "0.2.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "tools"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "50c838a310445e954bc13f26f26a6ecf"
+    },
+    "backports": {
+      "Package": "backports",
+      "Version": "1.4.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "c39fbec8a30d23e721980b8afb31984c"
+    },
+    "bit": {
+      "Package": "bit",
+      "Version": "4.0.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "d242abec29412ce988848d0294b208fd"
+    },
+    "bit64": {
+      "Package": "bit64",
+      "Version": "4.0.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "bit",
+        "methods",
+        "stats",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "9fe98599ca456d6552421db0d6772d8f"
+    },
+    "checkmate": {
+      "Package": "checkmate",
+      "Version": "2.3.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
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+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "backports",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "c01cab1cb0f9125211a6fc99d540e315"
+    },
+    "cli": {
+      "Package": "cli",
+      "Version": "3.6.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "1216ac65ac55ec0058a6f75d7ca0fd52"
+    },
+    "clipr": {
+      "Package": "clipr",
+      "Version": "0.8.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "3f038e5ac7f41d4ac41ce658c85e3042"
+    },
+    "cpp11": {
+      "Package": "cpp11",
+      "Version": "0.4.7",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "5a295d7d963cc5035284dcdbaf334f4e"
+    },
+    "crayon": {
+      "Package": "crayon",
+      "Version": "1.5.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "grDevices",
+        "methods",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "e8a1e41acf02548751f45c718d55aa6a"
+    },
+    "curl": {
+      "Package": "curl",
+      "Version": "5.2.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "ce88d13c0b10fe88a37d9c59dba2d7f9"
+    },
+    "dplyr": {
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+      "Version": "1.1.4",
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+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "R6",
+        "cli",
+        "generics",
+        "glue",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "magrittr",
+        "methods",
+        "pillar",
+        "rlang",
+        "tibble",
+        "tidyselect",
+        "utils",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "fedd9d00c2944ff00a0e2696ccf048ec"
+    },
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+      "Version": "1.0.6",
+      "Source": "Repository",
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+        "utils"
+      ],
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+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "192053c276525c8495ccfd523aa8f2d1"
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+      "Requirements": [
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+        "vctrs"
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+        "curl",
+        "jsonlite",
+        "mime",
+        "openssl"
+      ],
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+      "Version": "1.3.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "R6",
+        "askpass",
+        "assertthat",
+        "filelock",
+        "openssl",
+        "rappdirs",
+        "sodium",
+        "tools",
+        "utils",
+        "yaml"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "5cd8cfb2e90c57110b7dd1785c599aba"
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+        "rlang",
+        "utf8",
+        "utils",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
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+      "Requirements": [
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+      "Version": "1.2.3",
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+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "R6",
+        "crayon",
+        "hms",
+        "prettyunits"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "f4625e061cb2865f111b47ff163a5ca6"
+    },
+    "purrr": {
+      "Package": "purrr",
+      "Version": "1.0.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cli",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "magrittr",
+        "rlang",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "1cba04a4e9414bdefc9dcaa99649a8dc"
+    },
+    "rappdirs": {
+      "Package": "rappdirs",
+      "Version": "0.3.3",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "5e3c5dc0b071b21fa128676560dbe94d"
+    },
+    "readr": {
+      "Package": "readr",
+      "Version": "2.1.4",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "R6",
+        "cli",
+        "clipr",
+        "cpp11",
+        "crayon",
+        "hms",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "methods",
+        "rlang",
+        "tibble",
+        "tzdb",
+        "utils",
+        "vroom"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "b5047343b3825f37ad9d3b5d89aa1078"
+    },
+    "renv": {
+      "Package": "renv",
+      "Version": "1.0.3",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "41b847654f567341725473431dd0d5ab"
+    },
+    "rlang": {
+      "Package": "rlang",
+      "Version": "1.1.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "50a6dbdc522936ca35afc5e2082ea91b"
+    },
+    "sodium": {
+      "Package": "sodium",
+      "Version": "1.3.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "dd86d6fd2a01d4eb3777dfdee7076d56"
+    },
+    "stringi": {
+      "Package": "stringi",
+      "Version": "1.8.3",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "stats",
+        "tools",
+        "utils"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "058aebddea264f4c99401515182e656a"
+    },
+    "stringr": {
+      "Package": "stringr",
+      "Version": "1.5.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cli",
+        "glue",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "magrittr",
+        "rlang",
+        "stringi",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "960e2ae9e09656611e0b8214ad543207"
+    },
+    "sys": {
+      "Package": "sys",
+      "Version": "3.4.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "3a1be13d68d47a8cd0bfd74739ca1555"
+    },
+    "tibble": {
+      "Package": "tibble",
+      "Version": "3.2.1",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "fansi",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "magrittr",
+        "methods",
+        "pillar",
+        "pkgconfig",
+        "rlang",
+        "utils",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "a84e2cc86d07289b3b6f5069df7a004c"
+    },
+    "tidyr": {
+      "Package": "tidyr",
+      "Version": "1.3.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cli",
+        "cpp11",
+        "dplyr",
+        "glue",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "magrittr",
+        "purrr",
+        "rlang",
+        "stringr",
+        "tibble",
+        "tidyselect",
+        "utils",
+        "vctrs"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "e47debdc7ce599b070c8e78e8ac0cfcf"
+    },
+    "tidyselect": {
+      "Package": "tidyselect",
+      "Version": "1.2.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cli",
+        "glue",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "rlang",
+        "vctrs",
+        "withr"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "79540e5fcd9e0435af547d885f184fd5"
+    },
+    "tzdb": {
+      "Package": "tzdb",
+      "Version": "0.4.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cpp11"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "f561504ec2897f4d46f0c7657e488ae1"
+    },
+    "utf8": {
+      "Package": "utf8",
+      "Version": "1.2.4",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "62b65c52671e6665f803ff02954446e9"
+    },
+    "vctrs": {
+      "Package": "vctrs",
+      "Version": "0.6.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "cli",
+        "glue",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "rlang"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "c03fa420630029418f7e6da3667aac4a"
+    },
+    "vroom": {
+      "Package": "vroom",
+      "Version": "1.6.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "bit64",
+        "cli",
+        "cpp11",
+        "crayon",
+        "glue",
+        "hms",
+        "lifecycle",
+        "methods",
+        "progress",
+        "rlang",
+        "stats",
+        "tibble",
+        "tidyselect",
+        "tzdb",
+        "vctrs",
+        "withr"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "390f9315bc0025be03012054103d227c"
+    },
+    "withr": {
+      "Package": "withr",
+      "Version": "2.5.2",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Requirements": [
+        "R",
+        "grDevices",
+        "graphics",
+        "stats"
+      ],
+      "Hash": "4b25e70111b7d644322e9513f403a272"
+    },
+    "yaml": {
+      "Package": "yaml",
+      "Version": "2.3.8",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "29240487a071f535f5e5d5a323b7afbd"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/renv/.gitignore b/renv/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec0cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/renv/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+library/
+local/
+cellar/
+lock/
+python/
+sandbox/
+staging/
diff --git a/renv/activate.R b/renv/activate.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45b9da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/renv/activate.R
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+
+local({
+
+  # the requested version of renv
+  version <- "1.0.3"
+  attr(version, "sha") <- "1.0.3"
+
+  # the project directory
+  project <- getwd()
+
+  # use start-up diagnostics if enabled
+  diagnostics <- Sys.getenv("RENV_STARTUP_DIAGNOSTICS", unset = "FALSE")
+  if (diagnostics) {
+    start <- Sys.time()
+    profile <- tempfile("renv-startup-", fileext = ".Rprof")
+    utils::Rprof(profile)
+    on.exit({
+      utils::Rprof(NULL)
+      elapsed <- signif(difftime(Sys.time(), start, units = "auto"), digits = 2L)
+      writeLines(sprintf("- renv took %s to run the autoloader.", format(elapsed)))
+      writeLines(sprintf("- Profile: %s", profile))
+      print(utils::summaryRprof(profile))
+    }, add = TRUE)
+  }
+
+  # figure out whether the autoloader is enabled
+  enabled <- local({
+
+    # first, check config option
+    override <- getOption("renv.config.autoloader.enabled")
+    if (!is.null(override))
+      return(override)
+
+    # next, check environment variables
+    # TODO: prefer using the configuration one in the future
+    envvars <- c(
+      "RENV_CONFIG_AUTOLOADER_ENABLED",
+      "RENV_AUTOLOADER_ENABLED",
+      "RENV_ACTIVATE_PROJECT"
+    )
+
+    for (envvar in envvars) {
+      envval <- Sys.getenv(envvar, unset = NA)
+      if (!is.na(envval))
+        return(tolower(envval) %in% c("true", "t", "1"))
+    }
+
+    # enable by default
+    TRUE
+
+  })
+
+  if (!enabled)
+    return(FALSE)
+
+  # avoid recursion
+  if (identical(getOption("renv.autoloader.running"), TRUE)) {
+    warning("ignoring recursive attempt to run renv autoloader")
+    return(invisible(TRUE))
+  }
+
+  # signal that we're loading renv during R startup
+  options(renv.autoloader.running = TRUE)
+  on.exit(options(renv.autoloader.running = NULL), add = TRUE)
+
+  # signal that we've consented to use renv
+  options(renv.consent = TRUE)
+
+  # load the 'utils' package eagerly -- this ensures that renv shims, which
+  # mask 'utils' packages, will come first on the search path
+  library(utils, lib.loc = .Library)
+
+  # unload renv if it's already been loaded
+  if ("renv" %in% loadedNamespaces())
+    unloadNamespace("renv")
+
+  # load bootstrap tools   
+  `%||%` <- function(x, y) {
+    if (is.null(x)) y else x
+  }
+  
+  catf <- function(fmt, ..., appendLF = TRUE) {
+  
+    quiet <- getOption("renv.bootstrap.quiet", default = FALSE)
+    if (quiet)
+      return(invisible())
+  
+    msg <- sprintf(fmt, ...)
+    cat(msg, file = stdout(), sep = if (appendLF) "\n" else "")
+  
+    invisible(msg)
+  
+  }
+  
+  header <- function(label,
+                     ...,
+                     prefix = "#",
+                     suffix = "-",
+                     n = min(getOption("width"), 78))
+  {
+    label <- sprintf(label, ...)
+    n <- max(n - nchar(label) - nchar(prefix) - 2L, 8L)
+    if (n <= 0)
+      return(paste(prefix, label))
+  
+    tail <- paste(rep.int(suffix, n), collapse = "")
+    paste0(prefix, " ", label, " ", tail)
+  
+  }
+  
+  startswith <- function(string, prefix) {
+    substring(string, 1, nchar(prefix)) == prefix
+  }
+  
+  bootstrap <- function(version, library) {
+  
+    friendly <- renv_bootstrap_version_friendly(version)
+    section <- header(sprintf("Bootstrapping renv %s", friendly))
+    catf(section)
+  
+    # attempt to download renv
+    catf("- Downloading renv ... ", appendLF = FALSE)
+    withCallingHandlers(
+      tarball <- renv_bootstrap_download(version),
+      error = function(err) {
+        catf("FAILED")
+        stop("failed to download:\n", conditionMessage(err))
+      }
+    )
+    catf("OK")
+    on.exit(unlink(tarball), add = TRUE)
+  
+    # now attempt to install
+    catf("- Installing renv  ... ", appendLF = FALSE)
+    withCallingHandlers(
+      status <- renv_bootstrap_install(version, tarball, library),
+      error = function(err) {
+        catf("FAILED")
+        stop("failed to install:\n", conditionMessage(err))
+      }
+    )
+    catf("OK")
+  
+    # add empty line to break up bootstrapping from normal output
+    catf("")
+  
+    return(invisible())
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_tests_running <- function() {
+    getOption("renv.tests.running", default = FALSE)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_repos <- function() {
+  
+    # get CRAN repository
+    cran <- getOption("renv.repos.cran", "https://cloud.r-project.org")
+  
+    # check for repos override
+    repos <- Sys.getenv("RENV_CONFIG_REPOS_OVERRIDE", unset = NA)
+    if (!is.na(repos)) {
+  
+      # check for RSPM; if set, use a fallback repository for renv
+      rspm <- Sys.getenv("RSPM", unset = NA)
+      if (identical(rspm, repos))
+        repos <- c(RSPM = rspm, CRAN = cran)
+  
+      return(repos)
+  
+    }
+  
+    # check for lockfile repositories
+    repos <- tryCatch(renv_bootstrap_repos_lockfile(), error = identity)
+    if (!inherits(repos, "error") && length(repos))
+      return(repos)
+  
+    # retrieve current repos
+    repos <- getOption("repos")
+  
+    # ensure @CRAN@ entries are resolved
+    repos[repos == "@CRAN@"] <- cran
+  
+    # add in renv.bootstrap.repos if set
+    default <- c(FALLBACK = "https://cloud.r-project.org")
+    extra <- getOption("renv.bootstrap.repos", default = default)
+    repos <- c(repos, extra)
+  
+    # remove duplicates that might've snuck in
+    dupes <- duplicated(repos) | duplicated(names(repos))
+    repos[!dupes]
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_repos_lockfile <- function() {
+  
+    lockpath <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_LOCKFILE", unset = "renv.lock")
+    if (!file.exists(lockpath))
+      return(NULL)
+  
+    lockfile <- tryCatch(renv_json_read(lockpath), error = identity)
+    if (inherits(lockfile, "error")) {
+      warning(lockfile)
+      return(NULL)
+    }
+  
+    repos <- lockfile$R$Repositories
+    if (length(repos) == 0)
+      return(NULL)
+  
+    keys <- vapply(repos, `[[`, "Name", FUN.VALUE = character(1))
+    vals <- vapply(repos, `[[`, "URL", FUN.VALUE = character(1))
+    names(vals) <- keys
+  
+    return(vals)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download <- function(version) {
+  
+    sha <- attr(version, "sha", exact = TRUE)
+  
+    methods <- if (!is.null(sha)) {
+  
+      # attempting to bootstrap a development version of renv
+      c(
+        function() renv_bootstrap_download_tarball(sha),
+        function() renv_bootstrap_download_github(sha)
+      )
+  
+    } else {
+  
+      # attempting to bootstrap a release version of renv
+      c(
+        function() renv_bootstrap_download_tarball(version),
+        function() renv_bootstrap_download_cran_latest(version),
+        function() renv_bootstrap_download_cran_archive(version)
+      )
+  
+    }
+  
+    for (method in methods) {
+      path <- tryCatch(method(), error = identity)
+      if (is.character(path) && file.exists(path))
+        return(path)
+    }
+  
+    stop("All download methods failed")
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_impl <- function(url, destfile) {
+  
+    mode <- "wb"
+  
+    # https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=17715
+    fixup <-
+      Sys.info()[["sysname"]] == "Windows" &&
+      substring(url, 1L, 5L) == "file:"
+  
+    if (fixup)
+      mode <- "w+b"
+  
+    args <- list(
+      url      = url,
+      destfile = destfile,
+      mode     = mode,
+      quiet    = TRUE
+    )
+  
+    if ("headers" %in% names(formals(utils::download.file)))
+      args$headers <- renv_bootstrap_download_custom_headers(url)
+  
+    do.call(utils::download.file, args)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_custom_headers <- function(url) {
+  
+    headers <- getOption("renv.download.headers")
+    if (is.null(headers))
+      return(character())
+  
+    if (!is.function(headers))
+      stopf("'renv.download.headers' is not a function")
+  
+    headers <- headers(url)
+    if (length(headers) == 0L)
+      return(character())
+  
+    if (is.list(headers))
+      headers <- unlist(headers, recursive = FALSE, use.names = TRUE)
+  
+    ok <-
+      is.character(headers) &&
+      is.character(names(headers)) &&
+      all(nzchar(names(headers)))
+  
+    if (!ok)
+      stop("invocation of 'renv.download.headers' did not return a named character vector")
+  
+    headers
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_cran_latest <- function(version) {
+  
+    spec <- renv_bootstrap_download_cran_latest_find(version)
+    type  <- spec$type
+    repos <- spec$repos
+  
+    baseurl <- utils::contrib.url(repos = repos, type = type)
+    ext <- if (identical(type, "source"))
+      ".tar.gz"
+    else if (Sys.info()[["sysname"]] == "Windows")
+      ".zip"
+    else
+      ".tgz"
+    name <- sprintf("renv_%s%s", version, ext)
+    url <- paste(baseurl, name, sep = "/")
+  
+    destfile <- file.path(tempdir(), name)
+    status <- tryCatch(
+      renv_bootstrap_download_impl(url, destfile),
+      condition = identity
+    )
+  
+    if (inherits(status, "condition"))
+      return(FALSE)
+  
+    # report success and return
+    destfile
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_cran_latest_find <- function(version) {
+  
+    # check whether binaries are supported on this system
+    binary <-
+      getOption("renv.bootstrap.binary", default = TRUE) &&
+      !identical(.Platform$pkgType, "source") &&
+      !identical(getOption("pkgType"), "source") &&
+      Sys.info()[["sysname"]] %in% c("Darwin", "Windows")
+  
+    types <- c(if (binary) "binary", "source")
+  
+    # iterate over types + repositories
+    for (type in types) {
+      for (repos in renv_bootstrap_repos()) {
+  
+        # retrieve package database
+        db <- tryCatch(
+          as.data.frame(
+            utils::available.packages(type = type, repos = repos),
+            stringsAsFactors = FALSE
+          ),
+          error = identity
+        )
+  
+        if (inherits(db, "error"))
+          next
+  
+        # check for compatible entry
+        entry <- db[db$Package %in% "renv" & db$Version %in% version, ]
+        if (nrow(entry) == 0)
+          next
+  
+        # found it; return spec to caller
+        spec <- list(entry = entry, type = type, repos = repos)
+        return(spec)
+  
+      }
+    }
+  
+    # if we got here, we failed to find renv
+    fmt <- "renv %s is not available from your declared package repositories"
+    stop(sprintf(fmt, version))
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_cran_archive <- function(version) {
+  
+    name <- sprintf("renv_%s.tar.gz", version)
+    repos <- renv_bootstrap_repos()
+    urls <- file.path(repos, "src/contrib/Archive/renv", name)
+    destfile <- file.path(tempdir(), name)
+  
+    for (url in urls) {
+  
+      status <- tryCatch(
+        renv_bootstrap_download_impl(url, destfile),
+        condition = identity
+      )
+  
+      if (identical(status, 0L))
+        return(destfile)
+  
+    }
+  
+    return(FALSE)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_tarball <- function(version) {
+  
+    # if the user has provided the path to a tarball via
+    # an environment variable, then use it
+    tarball <- Sys.getenv("RENV_BOOTSTRAP_TARBALL", unset = NA)
+    if (is.na(tarball))
+      return()
+  
+    # allow directories
+    if (dir.exists(tarball)) {
+      name <- sprintf("renv_%s.tar.gz", version)
+      tarball <- file.path(tarball, name)
+    }
+  
+    # bail if it doesn't exist
+    if (!file.exists(tarball)) {
+  
+      # let the user know we weren't able to honour their request
+      fmt <- "- RENV_BOOTSTRAP_TARBALL is set (%s) but does not exist."
+      msg <- sprintf(fmt, tarball)
+      warning(msg)
+  
+      # bail
+      return()
+  
+    }
+  
+    catf("- Using local tarball '%s'.", tarball)
+    tarball
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_download_github <- function(version) {
+  
+    enabled <- Sys.getenv("RENV_BOOTSTRAP_FROM_GITHUB", unset = "TRUE")
+    if (!identical(enabled, "TRUE"))
+      return(FALSE)
+  
+    # prepare download options
+    pat <- Sys.getenv("GITHUB_PAT")
+    if (nzchar(Sys.which("curl")) && nzchar(pat)) {
+      fmt <- "--location --fail --header \"Authorization: token %s\""
+      extra <- sprintf(fmt, pat)
+      saved <- options("download.file.method", "download.file.extra")
+      options(download.file.method = "curl", download.file.extra = extra)
+      on.exit(do.call(base::options, saved), add = TRUE)
+    } else if (nzchar(Sys.which("wget")) && nzchar(pat)) {
+      fmt <- "--header=\"Authorization: token %s\""
+      extra <- sprintf(fmt, pat)
+      saved <- options("download.file.method", "download.file.extra")
+      options(download.file.method = "wget", download.file.extra = extra)
+      on.exit(do.call(base::options, saved), add = TRUE)
+    }
+  
+    url <- file.path("https://api.github.com/repos/rstudio/renv/tarball", version)
+    name <- sprintf("renv_%s.tar.gz", version)
+    destfile <- file.path(tempdir(), name)
+  
+    status <- tryCatch(
+      renv_bootstrap_download_impl(url, destfile),
+      condition = identity
+    )
+  
+    if (!identical(status, 0L))
+      return(FALSE)
+  
+    renv_bootstrap_download_augment(destfile)
+  
+    return(destfile)
+  
+  }
+  
+  # Add Sha to DESCRIPTION. This is stop gap until #890, after which we
+  # can use renv::install() to fully capture metadata.
+  renv_bootstrap_download_augment <- function(destfile) {
+    sha <- renv_bootstrap_git_extract_sha1_tar(destfile)
+    if (is.null(sha)) {
+      return()
+    }
+  
+    # Untar
+    tempdir <- tempfile("renv-github-")
+    on.exit(unlink(tempdir, recursive = TRUE), add = TRUE)
+    untar(destfile, exdir = tempdir)
+    pkgdir <- dir(tempdir, full.names = TRUE)[[1]]
+  
+    # Modify description
+    desc_path <- file.path(pkgdir, "DESCRIPTION")
+    desc_lines <- readLines(desc_path)
+    remotes_fields <- c(
+      "RemoteType: github",
+      "RemoteHost: api.github.com",
+      "RemoteRepo: renv",
+      "RemoteUsername: rstudio",
+      "RemotePkgRef: rstudio/renv",
+      paste("RemoteRef: ", sha),
+      paste("RemoteSha: ", sha)
+    )
+    writeLines(c(desc_lines[desc_lines != ""], remotes_fields), con = desc_path)
+  
+    # Re-tar
+    local({
+      old <- setwd(tempdir)
+      on.exit(setwd(old), add = TRUE)
+  
+      tar(destfile, compression = "gzip")
+    })
+    invisible()
+  }
+  
+  # Extract the commit hash from a git archive. Git archives include the SHA1
+  # hash as the comment field of the tarball pax extended header
+  # (see https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-archive.html)
+  # For GitHub archives this should be the first header after the default one
+  # (512 byte) header.
+  renv_bootstrap_git_extract_sha1_tar <- function(bundle) {
+  
+    # open the bundle for reading
+    # We use gzcon for everything because (from ?gzcon)
+    # > Reading from a connection which does not supply a 'gzip' magic
+    # > header is equivalent to reading from the original connection
+    conn <- gzcon(file(bundle, open = "rb", raw = TRUE))
+    on.exit(close(conn))
+  
+    # The default pax header is 512 bytes long and the first pax extended header
+    # with the comment should be 51 bytes long
+    # `52 comment=` (11 chars) + 40 byte SHA1 hash
+    len <- 0x200 + 0x33
+    res <- rawToChar(readBin(conn, "raw", n = len)[0x201:len])
+  
+    if (grepl("^52 comment=", res)) {
+      sub("52 comment=", "", res)
+    } else {
+      NULL
+    }
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_install <- function(version, tarball, library) {
+  
+    # attempt to install it into project library
+    dir.create(library, showWarnings = FALSE, recursive = TRUE)
+    output <- renv_bootstrap_install_impl(library, tarball)
+  
+    # check for successful install
+    status <- attr(output, "status")
+    if (is.null(status) || identical(status, 0L))
+      return(status)
+  
+    # an error occurred; report it
+    header <- "installation of renv failed"
+    lines <- paste(rep.int("=", nchar(header)), collapse = "")
+    text <- paste(c(header, lines, output), collapse = "\n")
+    stop(text)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_install_impl <- function(library, tarball) {
+  
+    # invoke using system2 so we can capture and report output
+    bin <- R.home("bin")
+    exe <- if (Sys.info()[["sysname"]] == "Windows") "R.exe" else "R"
+    R <- file.path(bin, exe)
+  
+    args <- c(
+      "--vanilla", "CMD", "INSTALL", "--no-multiarch",
+      "-l", shQuote(path.expand(library)),
+      shQuote(path.expand(tarball))
+    )
+  
+    system2(R, args, stdout = TRUE, stderr = TRUE)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix <- function() {
+  
+    # construct version prefix
+    version <- paste(R.version$major, R.version$minor, sep = ".")
+    prefix <- paste("R", numeric_version(version)[1, 1:2], sep = "-")
+  
+    # include SVN revision for development versions of R
+    # (to avoid sharing platform-specific artefacts with released versions of R)
+    devel <-
+      identical(R.version[["status"]],   "Under development (unstable)") ||
+      identical(R.version[["nickname"]], "Unsuffered Consequences")
+  
+    if (devel)
+      prefix <- paste(prefix, R.version[["svn rev"]], sep = "-r")
+  
+    # build list of path components
+    components <- c(prefix, R.version$platform)
+  
+    # include prefix if provided by user
+    prefix <- renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix_impl()
+    if (!is.na(prefix) && nzchar(prefix))
+      components <- c(prefix, components)
+  
+    # build prefix
+    paste(components, collapse = "/")
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix_impl <- function() {
+  
+    # if an explicit prefix has been supplied, use it
+    prefix <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_PREFIX", unset = NA)
+    if (!is.na(prefix))
+      return(prefix)
+  
+    # if the user has requested an automatic prefix, generate it
+    auto <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_PREFIX_AUTO", unset = NA)
+    if (auto %in% c("TRUE", "True", "true", "1"))
+      return(renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix_auto())
+  
+    # empty string on failure
+    ""
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix_auto <- function() {
+  
+    prefix <- tryCatch(renv_bootstrap_platform_os(), error = identity)
+    if (inherits(prefix, "error") || prefix %in% "unknown") {
+  
+      msg <- paste(
+        "failed to infer current operating system",
+        "please file a bug report at https://github.com/rstudio/renv/issues",
+        sep = "; "
+      )
+  
+      warning(msg)
+  
+    }
+  
+    prefix
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_os <- function() {
+  
+    sysinfo <- Sys.info()
+    sysname <- sysinfo[["sysname"]]
+  
+    # handle Windows + macOS up front
+    if (sysname == "Windows")
+      return("windows")
+    else if (sysname == "Darwin")
+      return("macos")
+  
+    # check for os-release files
+    for (file in c("/etc/os-release", "/usr/lib/os-release"))
+      if (file.exists(file))
+        return(renv_bootstrap_platform_os_via_os_release(file, sysinfo))
+  
+    # check for redhat-release files
+    if (file.exists("/etc/redhat-release"))
+      return(renv_bootstrap_platform_os_via_redhat_release())
+  
+    "unknown"
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_os_via_os_release <- function(file, sysinfo) {
+  
+    # read /etc/os-release
+    release <- utils::read.table(
+      file             = file,
+      sep              = "=",
+      quote            = c("\"", "'"),
+      col.names        = c("Key", "Value"),
+      comment.char     = "#",
+      stringsAsFactors = FALSE
+    )
+  
+    vars <- as.list(release$Value)
+    names(vars) <- release$Key
+  
+    # get os name
+    os <- tolower(sysinfo[["sysname"]])
+  
+    # read id
+    id <- "unknown"
+    for (field in c("ID", "ID_LIKE")) {
+      if (field %in% names(vars) && nzchar(vars[[field]])) {
+        id <- vars[[field]]
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  
+    # read version
+    version <- "unknown"
+    for (field in c("UBUNTU_CODENAME", "VERSION_CODENAME", "VERSION_ID", "BUILD_ID")) {
+      if (field %in% names(vars) && nzchar(vars[[field]])) {
+        version <- vars[[field]]
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  
+    # join together
+    paste(c(os, id, version), collapse = "-")
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_platform_os_via_redhat_release <- function() {
+  
+    # read /etc/redhat-release
+    contents <- readLines("/etc/redhat-release", warn = FALSE)
+  
+    # infer id
+    id <- if (grepl("centos", contents, ignore.case = TRUE))
+      "centos"
+    else if (grepl("redhat", contents, ignore.case = TRUE))
+      "redhat"
+    else
+      "unknown"
+  
+    # try to find a version component (very hacky)
+    version <- "unknown"
+  
+    parts <- strsplit(contents, "[[:space:]]")[[1L]]
+    for (part in parts) {
+  
+      nv <- tryCatch(numeric_version(part), error = identity)
+      if (inherits(nv, "error"))
+        next
+  
+      version <- nv[1, 1]
+      break
+  
+    }
+  
+    paste(c("linux", id, version), collapse = "-")
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_library_root_name <- function(project) {
+  
+    # use project name as-is if requested
+    asis <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_LIBRARY_ROOT_ASIS", unset = "FALSE")
+    if (asis)
+      return(basename(project))
+  
+    # otherwise, disambiguate based on project's path
+    id <- substring(renv_bootstrap_hash_text(project), 1L, 8L)
+    paste(basename(project), id, sep = "-")
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_library_root <- function(project) {
+  
+    prefix <- renv_bootstrap_profile_prefix()
+  
+    path <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_LIBRARY", unset = NA)
+    if (!is.na(path))
+      return(paste(c(path, prefix), collapse = "/"))
+  
+    path <- renv_bootstrap_library_root_impl(project)
+    if (!is.null(path)) {
+      name <- renv_bootstrap_library_root_name(project)
+      return(paste(c(path, prefix, name), collapse = "/"))
+    }
+  
+    renv_bootstrap_paths_renv("library", project = project)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_library_root_impl <- function(project) {
+  
+    root <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_LIBRARY_ROOT", unset = NA)
+    if (!is.na(root))
+      return(root)
+  
+    type <- renv_bootstrap_project_type(project)
+    if (identical(type, "package")) {
+      userdir <- renv_bootstrap_user_dir()
+      return(file.path(userdir, "library"))
+    }
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_validate_version <- function(version, description = NULL) {
+  
+    # resolve description file
+    #
+    # avoid passing lib.loc to `packageDescription()` below, since R will
+    # use the loaded version of the package by default anyhow. note that
+    # this function should only be called after 'renv' is loaded
+    # https://github.com/rstudio/renv/issues/1625
+    description <- description %||% packageDescription("renv")
+  
+    # check whether requested version 'version' matches loaded version of renv
+    sha <- attr(version, "sha", exact = TRUE)
+    valid <- if (!is.null(sha))
+      renv_bootstrap_validate_version_dev(sha, description)
+    else
+      renv_bootstrap_validate_version_release(version, description)
+  
+    if (valid)
+      return(TRUE)
+  
+    # the loaded version of renv doesn't match the requested version;
+    # give the user instructions on how to proceed
+    remote <- if (!is.null(description[["RemoteSha"]])) {
+      paste("rstudio/renv", description[["RemoteSha"]], sep = "@")
+    } else {
+      paste("renv", description[["Version"]], sep = "@")
+    }
+  
+    # display both loaded version + sha if available
+    friendly <- renv_bootstrap_version_friendly(
+      version = description[["Version"]],
+      sha     = description[["RemoteSha"]]
+    )
+  
+    fmt <- paste(
+      "renv %1$s was loaded from project library, but this project is configured to use renv %2$s.",
+      "- Use `renv::record(\"%3$s\")` to record renv %1$s in the lockfile.",
+      "- Use `renv::restore(packages = \"renv\")` to install renv %2$s into the project library.",
+      sep = "\n"
+    )
+    catf(fmt, friendly, renv_bootstrap_version_friendly(version), remote)
+  
+    FALSE
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_validate_version_dev <- function(version, description) {
+    expected <- description[["RemoteSha"]]
+    is.character(expected) && startswith(expected, version)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_validate_version_release <- function(version, description) {
+    expected <- description[["Version"]]
+    is.character(expected) && identical(expected, version)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_hash_text <- function(text) {
+  
+    hashfile <- tempfile("renv-hash-")
+    on.exit(unlink(hashfile), add = TRUE)
+  
+    writeLines(text, con = hashfile)
+    tools::md5sum(hashfile)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_load <- function(project, libpath, version) {
+  
+    # try to load renv from the project library
+    if (!requireNamespace("renv", lib.loc = libpath, quietly = TRUE))
+      return(FALSE)
+  
+    # warn if the version of renv loaded does not match
+    renv_bootstrap_validate_version(version)
+  
+    # execute renv load hooks, if any
+    hooks <- getHook("renv::autoload")
+    for (hook in hooks)
+      if (is.function(hook))
+        tryCatch(hook(), error = warnify)
+  
+    # load the project
+    renv::load(project)
+  
+    TRUE
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_load <- function(project) {
+  
+    # if RENV_PROFILE is already set, just use that
+    profile <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PROFILE", unset = NA)
+    if (!is.na(profile) && nzchar(profile))
+      return(profile)
+  
+    # check for a profile file (nothing to do if it doesn't exist)
+    path <- renv_bootstrap_paths_renv("profile", profile = FALSE, project = project)
+    if (!file.exists(path))
+      return(NULL)
+  
+    # read the profile, and set it if it exists
+    contents <- readLines(path, warn = FALSE)
+    if (length(contents) == 0L)
+      return(NULL)
+  
+    # set RENV_PROFILE
+    profile <- contents[[1L]]
+    if (!profile %in% c("", "default"))
+      Sys.setenv(RENV_PROFILE = profile)
+  
+    profile
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_prefix <- function() {
+    profile <- renv_bootstrap_profile_get()
+    if (!is.null(profile))
+      return(file.path("profiles", profile, "renv"))
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_get <- function() {
+    profile <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PROFILE", unset = "")
+    renv_bootstrap_profile_normalize(profile)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_set <- function(profile) {
+    profile <- renv_bootstrap_profile_normalize(profile)
+    if (is.null(profile))
+      Sys.unsetenv("RENV_PROFILE")
+    else
+      Sys.setenv(RENV_PROFILE = profile)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_normalize <- function(profile) {
+  
+    if (is.null(profile) || profile %in% c("", "default"))
+      return(NULL)
+  
+    profile
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_path_absolute <- function(path) {
+  
+    substr(path, 1L, 1L) %in% c("~", "/", "\\") || (
+      substr(path, 1L, 1L) %in% c(letters, LETTERS) &&
+      substr(path, 2L, 3L) %in% c(":/", ":\\")
+    )
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_paths_renv <- function(..., profile = TRUE, project = NULL) {
+    renv <- Sys.getenv("RENV_PATHS_RENV", unset = "renv")
+    root <- if (renv_bootstrap_path_absolute(renv)) NULL else project
+    prefix <- if (profile) renv_bootstrap_profile_prefix()
+    components <- c(root, renv, prefix, ...)
+    paste(components, collapse = "/")
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_project_type <- function(path) {
+  
+    descpath <- file.path(path, "DESCRIPTION")
+    if (!file.exists(descpath))
+      return("unknown")
+  
+    desc <- tryCatch(
+      read.dcf(descpath, all = TRUE),
+      error = identity
+    )
+  
+    if (inherits(desc, "error"))
+      return("unknown")
+  
+    type <- desc$Type
+    if (!is.null(type))
+      return(tolower(type))
+  
+    package <- desc$Package
+    if (!is.null(package))
+      return("package")
+  
+    "unknown"
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_user_dir <- function() {
+    dir <- renv_bootstrap_user_dir_impl()
+    path.expand(chartr("\\", "/", dir))
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_user_dir_impl <- function() {
+  
+    # use local override if set
+    override <- getOption("renv.userdir.override")
+    if (!is.null(override))
+      return(override)
+  
+    # use R_user_dir if available
+    tools <- asNamespace("tools")
+    if (is.function(tools$R_user_dir))
+      return(tools$R_user_dir("renv", "cache"))
+  
+    # try using our own backfill for older versions of R
+    envvars <- c("R_USER_CACHE_DIR", "XDG_CACHE_HOME")
+    for (envvar in envvars) {
+      root <- Sys.getenv(envvar, unset = NA)
+      if (!is.na(root))
+        return(file.path(root, "R/renv"))
+    }
+  
+    # use platform-specific default fallbacks
+    if (Sys.info()[["sysname"]] == "Windows")
+      file.path(Sys.getenv("LOCALAPPDATA"), "R/cache/R/renv")
+    else if (Sys.info()[["sysname"]] == "Darwin")
+      "~/Library/Caches/org.R-project.R/R/renv"
+    else
+      "~/.cache/R/renv"
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_version_friendly <- function(version, shafmt = NULL, sha = NULL) {
+    sha <- sha %||% attr(version, "sha", exact = TRUE)
+    parts <- c(version, sprintf(shafmt %||% " [sha: %s]", substring(sha, 1L, 7L)))
+    paste(parts, collapse = "")
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_exec <- function(project, libpath, version) {
+    if (!renv_bootstrap_load(project, libpath, version))
+      renv_bootstrap_run(version, libpath)
+  }
+  
+  renv_bootstrap_run <- function(version, libpath) {
+  
+    # perform bootstrap
+    bootstrap(version, libpath)
+  
+    # exit early if we're just testing bootstrap
+    if (!is.na(Sys.getenv("RENV_BOOTSTRAP_INSTALL_ONLY", unset = NA)))
+      return(TRUE)
+  
+    # try again to load
+    if (requireNamespace("renv", lib.loc = libpath, quietly = TRUE)) {
+      return(renv::load(project = getwd()))
+    }
+  
+    # failed to download or load renv; warn the user
+    msg <- c(
+      "Failed to find an renv installation: the project will not be loaded.",
+      "Use `renv::activate()` to re-initialize the project."
+    )
+  
+    warning(paste(msg, collapse = "\n"), call. = FALSE)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_json_read <- function(file = NULL, text = NULL) {
+  
+    jlerr <- NULL
+  
+    # if jsonlite is loaded, use that instead
+    if ("jsonlite" %in% loadedNamespaces()) {
+  
+      json <- catch(renv_json_read_jsonlite(file, text))
+      if (!inherits(json, "error"))
+        return(json)
+  
+      jlerr <- json
+  
+    }
+  
+    # otherwise, fall back to the default JSON reader
+    json <- catch(renv_json_read_default(file, text))
+    if (!inherits(json, "error"))
+      return(json)
+  
+    # report an error
+    if (!is.null(jlerr))
+      stop(jlerr)
+    else
+      stop(json)
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_json_read_jsonlite <- function(file = NULL, text = NULL) {
+    text <- paste(text %||% read(file), collapse = "\n")
+    jsonlite::fromJSON(txt = text, simplifyVector = FALSE)
+  }
+  
+  renv_json_read_default <- function(file = NULL, text = NULL) {
+  
+    # find strings in the JSON
+    text <- paste(text %||% read(file), collapse = "\n")
+    pattern <- '["](?:(?:\\\\.)|(?:[^"\\\\]))*?["]'
+    locs <- gregexpr(pattern, text, perl = TRUE)[[1]]
+  
+    # if any are found, replace them with placeholders
+    replaced <- text
+    strings <- character()
+    replacements <- character()
+  
+    if (!identical(c(locs), -1L)) {
+  
+      # get the string values
+      starts <- locs
+      ends <- locs + attr(locs, "match.length") - 1L
+      strings <- substring(text, starts, ends)
+  
+      # only keep those requiring escaping
+      strings <- grep("[[\\]{}:]", strings, perl = TRUE, value = TRUE)
+  
+      # compute replacements
+      replacements <- sprintf('"\032%i\032"', seq_along(strings))
+  
+      # replace the strings
+      mapply(function(string, replacement) {
+        replaced <<- sub(string, replacement, replaced, fixed = TRUE)
+      }, strings, replacements)
+  
+    }
+  
+    # transform the JSON into something the R parser understands
+    transformed <- replaced
+    transformed <- gsub("{}", "`names<-`(list(), character())", transformed, fixed = TRUE)
+    transformed <- gsub("[[{]", "list(", transformed, perl = TRUE)
+    transformed <- gsub("[]}]", ")", transformed, perl = TRUE)
+    transformed <- gsub(":", "=", transformed, fixed = TRUE)
+    text <- paste(transformed, collapse = "\n")
+  
+    # parse it
+    json <- parse(text = text, keep.source = FALSE, srcfile = NULL)[[1L]]
+  
+    # construct map between source strings, replaced strings
+    map <- as.character(parse(text = strings))
+    names(map) <- as.character(parse(text = replacements))
+  
+    # convert to list
+    map <- as.list(map)
+  
+    # remap strings in object
+    remapped <- renv_json_remap(json, map)
+  
+    # evaluate
+    eval(remapped, envir = baseenv())
+  
+  }
+  
+  renv_json_remap <- function(json, map) {
+  
+    # fix names
+    if (!is.null(names(json))) {
+      lhs <- match(names(json), names(map), nomatch = 0L)
+      rhs <- match(names(map), names(json), nomatch = 0L)
+      names(json)[rhs] <- map[lhs]
+    }
+  
+    # fix values
+    if (is.character(json))
+      return(map[[json]] %||% json)
+  
+    # handle true, false, null
+    if (is.name(json)) {
+      text <- as.character(json)
+      if (text == "true")
+        return(TRUE)
+      else if (text == "false")
+        return(FALSE)
+      else if (text == "null")
+        return(NULL)
+    }
+  
+    # recurse
+    if (is.recursive(json)) {
+      for (i in seq_along(json)) {
+        json[i] <- list(renv_json_remap(json[[i]], map))
+      }
+    }
+  
+    json
+  
+  }
+
+  # load the renv profile, if any
+  renv_bootstrap_profile_load(project)
+
+  # construct path to library root
+  root <- renv_bootstrap_library_root(project)
+
+  # construct library prefix for platform
+  prefix <- renv_bootstrap_platform_prefix()
+
+  # construct full libpath
+  libpath <- file.path(root, prefix)
+
+  # run bootstrap code
+  renv_bootstrap_exec(project, libpath, version)
+
+  invisible()
+
+})
diff --git a/renv/settings.json b/renv/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74c1d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/renv/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "bioconductor.version": null,
+  "external.libraries": [],
+  "ignored.packages": [],
+  "package.dependency.fields": [
+    "Imports",
+    "Depends",
+    "LinkingTo"
+  ],
+  "ppm.enabled": null,
+  "ppm.ignored.urls": [],
+  "r.version": null,
+  "snapshot.type": "explicit",
+  "use.cache": true,
+  "vcs.ignore.cellar": true,
+  "vcs.ignore.library": true,
+  "vcs.ignore.local": true,
+  "vcs.manage.ignores": true
+}
diff --git a/tests/spelling.Rout.save b/tests/spelling.Rout.save
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17bf7b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/spelling.Rout.save
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+R version 3.4.1 (2017-06-30) -- "Single Candle"
+Copyright (C) 2017 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
+Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
+
+R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
+You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
+Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
+
+R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
+Type 'contributors()' for more information and
+'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
+
+Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
+'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
+Type 'q()' to quit R.
+
+> if(requireNamespace('spelling', quietly = TRUE))
++   spelling::spell_check_test(vignettes = TRUE, error = FALSE,
++                              skip_on_cran = TRUE)
+All Done!
+>
+> proc.time()
+   user  system elapsed
+  0.372   0.039   0.408